Estimating the reciprocal relationship between COVID-19 infections of prisoners and staff and infections in the surrounding communitiesdoi:10.48349/ASU/OMJKFZASU Library Research Data Repository2025-07-101Wallace, Danielle; Eason, John, 2025, "Estimating the reciprocal relationship between COVID-19 infections of prisoners and staff and infections in the surrounding communities", https://doi.org/10.48349/ASU/OMJKFZ, ASU Library Research Data Repository, V1, UNF:6:cstjai3ENg4UNuKnpEAzfA== [fileUNF]Estimating the reciprocal relationship between COVID-19 infections of prisoners and staff and infections in the surrounding communitiesdoi:10.48349/ASU/OMJKFZWallace, DanielleEason, JohnWallace, DanielleWalker, JasonSchool of Criminology and Criminal JusticePhoenix, Arizona, USAStataR2032747ASU Library Research Data RepositoryWallace, DanielleEason, JohnWallace, Danielle2025-07-06Social SciencesImprisonmentCOVID-19incarcerated personsPrisonersCorrectional personnelDuring the pandemic, the Federal Bureau of Prison's (BOP) COVID-19 dashboard provided daily (updated at 3pm EST nightly) updates on active COVID-19 cases, recoveries, and associated deaths for staff and incarcerated persons by each prison facility (including administrative, medical, and community corrections faculties) in the federal prison system. To collect this information daily, we engaged in nightly, automated web scraping, resulting in a longitudinal panel dataset of COVID-19 information by prison. In the nightly scrape, we also obtained population counts of incarcerated persons in different types of incarceration (in-prison incapacitation v. home confinement v. on community corrections), as well as in private prisons within with BOP system. Additionally, the BOP reported COVID-19 counts for incarcerated persons and staff in community corrections facilities. Lastly, the BOP reported the COVID-19 counts for incarcerated persons in private prisons, but did not report staff COVID-19 counts. The data collection window begins on April 16th, 2020 and ends on July 8th, 2021.2020-04-162021-07-08Data was collected from the Federal Bureau of Prison's (BOP) COVID-19 dashboard (see bop.gov/coronavirus) which is no longer available. To see a version of the website when it was available, you can visit: https://web.archive.org/web/20230509112633/https://www.bop.gov/coronavirus/<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>Wallace, D., Eason, J. M., Walker, J., Towers, S., Grubesic, T. H., & Nelson, J. R. (2021). Is there a temporal relationship between COVID-19 infections among prison staff, incarcerated persons and the larger community in the United States?. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(13), 6873.10.3390/ijerph18136873Wallace, D., Eason, J. M., Walker, J., Towers, S., Grubesic, T. H., & Nelson, J. R. (2021). Is there a temporal relationship between COVID-19 infections among prison staff, incarcerated persons and the larger community in the United States?. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(13), 6873.Wallace, D., Walker, J., Nelson, J., Towers, S., Eason, J., & Grubesic, T. H. (2021). The 2020 coronavirus pandemic and its corresponding data boon: Issues with pandemic-related DATA from criminal justice organizations. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 37(4), 543-568.10.1177/10439862211027993Wallace, D., Walker, J., Nelson, J., Towers, S., Eason, J., & Grubesic, T. H. (2021). The 2020 coronavirus pandemic and its corresponding data boon: Issues with pandemic-related DATA from criminal justice organizations. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 37(4), 543-568.Grubesic, T.H., Nelson, J.R., Wallace, D. et al. Geodemographic insights on the COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Wisconsin and the role of risky facilities. GeoJournal 87, 4311–4333 (2022).10.1007/s10708-021-10503-5Grubesic, T.H., Nelson, J.R., Wallace, D. et al. Geodemographic insights on the COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Wisconsin and the role of risky facilities. GeoJournal 87, 4311–4333 (2022).Towers, S., Wallace, D., Walker, J. et al. A study of SARS-COV-2 outbreaks in US federal prisons: the linkage between staff, incarcerated populations, and community transmission. BMC Public Health 22, 482 (2022).10.1186/s12889-022-12813-wTowers, S., Wallace, D., Walker, J. et al. A study of SARS-COV-2 outbreaks in US federal prisons: the linkage between staff, incarcerated populations, and community transmission. BMC Public Health 22, 482 (2022).Scott-Hayward, C., Wallace, D., & Mavrikos, A. (2024). The Federal Prison System Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Criminal Law Bulletin, 60(2), p. 212-229Scott-Hayward, C., Wallace, D., & Mavrikos, A. (2024). The Federal Prison System Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Criminal Law Bulletin, 60(2), p. 212-229bop_covid_information_daily.tab3526610text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:ooeV47vlEY50yWjG4FnHsA==The file bop_covid_information_daily.csv contains daily counts of COVID-19 infections, recoveries and deaths among staff and incarcerated persons within all, publicly-run, prison facilities in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Remember that the data collection window begins on April 16th, 2020 and ends on July 8th, 2021 and occasionally, various prisons would not update their COVID-19 numbers during the data collection window. Lastly, Estill FCI and Marianna FCI had previously experienced natural disasters which significantly damaged the facilities and changed their operational status (see Wallace et al. 2021). Note that these prisons have different COVID-19 reporting at this time given that they were largely not functional. This data can be merged (using date and facility name) with the bop_inmate_population_daily.csv to create daily rates of COVID-19 prevalence (not incidence rates; see Wallace et al., 2021) within prisons. Note that all facilities in a Federal correctional complex (FCC) will share the same ID but have different facility names. Also, this data can be appended to the data from the file bop_private_covid_information_daily.csv to generate a complete file of all BOP facilities and COVID-19 prevalence rates among incarcerated persons. Dates covered in this dataset range from 04/16/20 to 07/08/2021. Note that the BOP did not always update their data. Additionally, 122 facilities are in this data.bop_covid_testing.tab343757text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:g1qGpNRNvYBR6bH1LEhnhQ==The file bop_covid_testing.csv contains daily counts of COVID-19 testing by publicly-run facilities in the BOP system. Testing information is reported as completed tests, positive tests, and pending tests. Some prisons in the BOP had testing in house, while others did not. Dates covered in this dataset range from 09/10/2020 to 07/09/2021. Note that the BOP did not always update their data. Additionally, 122 facilities are in this data.bop_inmate_population_daily.tab459395text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:9JcuO+qxc+pnFW9CwVJ0uw==The file bop_inmate_population_daily.csv contains daily population counts of incarcerated persons in all, publicly-run, prison facilities in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. When the BOP started reporting on this data, they reported prisons populations from earlier in the year. Thus, the data window begins on January 9th, 2020 and ends on July 8th, 2021. Next, this population data reports on all facilities, including those that are in prison complexes. Lastly, Estill FCI and Marianna FCI had previously experienced natural disasters which significantly damaged the facilities and changed their operational status (see Wallace et al. 2021). Note that these prisons have smaller incarcerated populations during this time.bop_private_covid_information_daily.tab24947text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:DArR+5Houg38ahAh7d5iFA==The file bop_private_covid_information_daily.csv contains daily counts of COVID-19 infections, recoveries and deaths among incarcerated persons within all, privately-run, prison facilities in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. The data collection window begins on April 16th, 2020 and ends on July 8th, 2021 and occasionally prisons would not update their COVID-19 numbers during the data collection window. Note, private facilities did not report staff infection information. This data can be merged (using date and facility name) with the bop_private_inmate_population_daily.csv to create daily rates of COVID-19 prevalence within private facilities (not incidence rates; see Wallace et al., 2021). Also, this data can be appended to the data from the file bop_covid_information_daily.csv to generate a complete file of all BOP facilities and COVID-19 prevalence rates among incarcerated persons. Dates covered in this dataset range from 04/24/20 to 07/08/2021. Note that the BOP did not always update their data. There are 11 facilities in this data. bop_private_inmate_population_daily.tab23215text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:/mT4qDmpfNkiQApR4bIkeA==The file bop_private_inmate_population_daily.csv contains daily population counts of incarcerated persons in all, privately-run, prison facilities in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Remember that the data collection window begins on January 9th, 2020 and ends on July 8th, 2021. When the BOP initially released this information, it back reported prison populations beginning in early January 9th, 2020. Next, this population data reports on all private facilities, including those that are in prison complexes. Thus, there are 13, not 11 facilities in this data.bop_rrc_covid_information_daily.tab35365text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:BG4WAMT1VNXdvaBgD1dFsw==The file bop_rrc_covid_information_daily.csv contains daily counts of COVID-19 infections, recoveries and deaths among individuals at community corrections facilities in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Remember that the data collection window begins on August 5th, 2020 and ends on July 8th, 2021. Note that the BOP did not always update their data. Finally, there are 147 facilities in this data.bop_rrc_covid_testing.tab329445text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:+xgizJQNJXnM3Ec1Y0M8Rg==The file bop_rrc_covid_testing.csv contains daily counts of COVID-19 testing in all residential reentry facilities in the BOP. Testing information is reported as completed tests, positive tests, and pending tests. Dates covered in this dataset range from 09/20/2020 to 07/09/2021. Note that the BOP did not always update their data. Additionally, 147 facilities are in this data.bop_rrc_population_total.tab2142text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:Pc0MTP8FedOvDWzVUq7dOQ==The file bop_rrc_population_total.csv contains daily population counts of all incarcerated persons in residential reentry facilities within the BOP. The data collection window begins on November 13th, 2020 and ends on July 9th, 2021.bop_total_population_daily.tab3135text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:VznteiOj1h8xDjQNCj1KoA==The file bop_total_population_daily.csv contains daily population counts of all incarcerated persons in various incarceration settings (prison, home-confinement, private prisons, and community corrections), system-wide. The data collection window begins on May 7th, 2020 and ends on July 8th, 2021.idUNF:6:SVqT+FTVXQ0Lz2KW7majyA==facility_nameUNF:6:vDyFsvX7i9CHCvfKotbs/g==stateUNF:6:LvzxtO2dyInjrQ5U1tocLw==staffpositiveamt6.60817784835253884.03.0.35266.00.00.09.987347449368494UNF:6:HKHchYduT4dm7G74SniiuQ==staffrecoveries35266.0251.0.30.41081257566264323.31472239550764810.00.00.0UNF:6:T8okTlyPwS1DFPCBE4IgNQ==staffdeathamt0.13889670451249267.35266.00.01.00.00.019679010945386940.0UNF:6:FapmFtUpl6bqSyhn2fowIQ==inmatepositiveamt58.822244672467271276.0.0.01.035266.017.3573980604546850.0UNF:6:+Kfh8NDTjP4nD7wGtUwyvA==inmatedeathamt0.00.035266.0.20.00.01.2669993761696632.9011989673255614UNF:6:5TgxI+0FnYiFA6V43vhx4A==inmaterecoveries1822.0.264.0193031156770.0201.78985425054980.035266.091.0UNF:6:D6kbkrPgNFFGy68djESo7g==dateUNF:6:amvoUTlB4B2u91zJb6IRIQ==idUNF:6:dVf1yuOm6kZF/OwMbAfrBg==dateUNF:6:7IhMkxbbwaSXKgHJ9ZtDvg==completedtest.34375.0754.423621818176110.02888.0387.2762531269910.0754.0UNF:6:wraZ29IH2OaAYfw8Jssu+Q==pendtest0.034375.01.047.26739501706052.11.798894545453873807.00.0UNF:6:SDz6xxG2m4WDEe60kETnvg==postest2039.00.0263.58954663155356.212.00.034375.0281.35723636363844UNF:6:jHI9TeaUJ1i6YQi9QdOLGg==facility_nameUNF:6:vAlIcq1l2fiYNmQQBJdwuw==i81.34050506747948141.00.0283.0141.382341818181771.0.34375.0UNF:6:T2hBdJQCkDQGPsFYsj5BpA==idUNF:6:VkeYkwFZEDkfmVWG5tzMgw==facility_nameUNF:6:Dd2A9nwXTG3PeerTZE6VJg==stateUNF:6:nbV+g9zDWPVCWnFxQ2bffg==inmate_pop45939.0659.0494.8075263373151.0657.88883084089123231.00.0.UNF:6:weQf2yzYEDzYyTeuvTnLGQ==dateUNF:6:E3EjSCSPCq+yLqo0/t/LpQ==idUNF:6:SD8Iph/tnc0IgjvsGd/k6g==facility_nameUNF:6:96g/lqrn/gFwLEE7eVLIsw==stateUNF:6:qkk0Y+gRa6j55kdVP7163w==inmatepositiveamt0.0.0.00.06.510425020048116.3841669355833022494.0170.0UNF:6:qA+2H2k9V5zPUuKlrnDNLw==inmatedeathamt1.00.99041800917390230.00.01.05854049719325664.02494.0.UNF:6:r5PKFw60MMxIxVGzI9IySw==inmaterecoveries0.0531.00.02494.038.0.107.1033184056318485.0180433039309UNF:6:4xMohRy4NdK162L8Cfqyzw==dateUNF:6:/r2UlQNYl5dapzZDlIZ7pw==idUNF:6:7dK6oER+yN2YVqR6DXBtUA==facility_nameUNF:6:pP9M08dMrOcSe0YetThUPQ==stateUNF:6:pu0GskHko68KZ8rDDFNlMg==inmate_pop1338.6471348556681.382.725289751381072321.01475.01774.01.00.0UNF:6:hF8SETMB86f4fhLJdS0tMA==dateUNF:6:lk067RnXv1VYbNnyJ5Z6wQ==idUNF:6:HnzNgcnssdAUEq4m5Qy0Ag==inmatepositiveamt0.00.08.0.1.7500290974596331.03536.01.8863122171945697UNF:6:9HdhSHHyVzRCLcn3bEjFsw==inmaterecoveries.0.00.54326923076923131.03699323373655240.04.00.03536.0UNF:6:uWu9MEWuPRKTF+trLjEcjg==inmatedeathamt0.0503393665158370.218675188628456421.0.3536.00.00.00.0UNF:6:NdOnlHc81T3MRGwNneyHoQ==dateUNF:6:vI2Oxf07s6atr8E1aw9S3g==idUNF:6:lQW+jd6sCGaN+JGu+/af1w==dateUNF:6:04vikOC7HASPe2Vyt2Mgzg==completedtest32944.03.0.40.00.04.74578071879552255.2450033565918880.0UNF:6:YCKtpscKy72ZzEHrPdBm0g==pendtest0.08.01.128401246672731832944.00.2957746478873238.0.00.0UNF:6:oGx8qI7xnmk4HygPmit5ow==postest62.00.05.25674803390794132944.00.04.584082078678964.3.0UNF:6:aU+CmcZozEnJiAaJ/DLO4g==popcount6936.06153.06207.8738317757015742.0286.23966117793290.0.214.0UNF:6:25NK2JhaJF6zt8MsBXTvLg==dateUNF:6:/tJLWLkkoK/OyYXImx/4Cg==homeconfinementoveralltotal7506.118210862619.614.1773751620057313.07670.00.08141.05110.0UNF:6:uqWVRnB6QPcueQFsxT9WAQ==federalinmatepopulationtotal122913.03962.679984086941128110.32587859425127013.0313.0140369.0.0.0UNF:6:8IM/XXS2H15kae33C0i6QQ==ccmfacilitypopulationtotal14453.013759.0.13643.4632587859410.011161.0313.0616.1490616025519UNF:6:WHlHg0En+HO6MQJHtx5nfA==privatefacilitypopulationtotal.313.09093.00.016945.013623.0415335463332038.122360871598914114.0UNF:6:67uCgp2ig2qUOIJMrsIxzQ==dateUNF:6:WXGwkS6WvjNTX7PErMWCFg==codebook.pdfCodebook for all datasetsapplication/pdfWallaceEason_COVIDPrisoners_README.txttext/plain